The Fourth Knowledge Management Dimension

Knowledge management system is a cluster of technologies that aid the collection, arrangement, transmission and circulation of knowledge in an organisation.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Fourth Knowledge Management Dimension specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some aspects of systems and technology that relate to knowledge management include intranets, data warehouses and data mining tools, applications for brainstorming and help desk, push technologies, workflow systems, document management systems and information retrieval engines (Maier 2004). First, intranets offer a perfect avenue for circulation of information. Nevertheless, most organisations present too much information on the intranet, thus creating data accumulation, which makes it hard for both employees and managers to access information swiftly. This incidence has attracted attention from scholars. While some academicians propose that organisation s should convey their entire knowledge to the intranet, others are of the contrary opinion (Tsui 2005). These scholars feel that the intranet should be separated into the webserver and the technological infrastructure. This separation can boost the pace of integration for application developers and enhance access to data for various clusters of knowledge personnel. These proponents of intranet separation argue that imposing all knowledge assets onto the webserver cannot be compared with letting users obtain the entire business knowledge, via a web browser. Second, document management systems act as stores of crucial company records and are thus central stores of explicit information (Schwartz et al. 2000). Besides, document management systems are useful instruments for crafting and processing intricate documents (Wiggins, 2000). These systems thrive in controlling the course of document formation, processing and evaluation. A number of organisations are using document management to manage enterprise knowledge (Davis et al. 2005). Nevertheless, most users never take part in intricate document formation directly and thus, do not obtain sufficient value from these systems because they never take time to learn how they should be used.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More While most organisations do not use document management systems in knowledge management systems, they act as essential knowledge silos that should be incorporated into the business knowledge network. Third, most organisations use technology to retrieve information comprising legacy matter (Tsui 2005). Such technology can either be in the form of intranet services or business repositories. Dealers of information retrieval continue to add aspects like natural language inquiries and relevancy ranks, which augments the rate and accuracy of finding data, in order to gratify the wants of information searchers. Forth, companies utilise groupware systems for communication among users in units or workgroups (Housel, 1999). This system enables formal and impromptu communications in situations where instant communication is impossible. Hence, groupware is a crucial technology since it facilitates the exchange of implicit information. Nevertheless, groupware databases must be incorporated into the enterprise knowledge construction (Tsui 2005). Processes of knowledge transfer usually happen on an impromptu basis when the call for knowledge crops up somewhere in the business, although, businesses also have many formalized procedures that control information flow (Stankosky 2005). For instance, procedures of creating proposals usually oblige the writer to gather preceding knowledge assets and obtain endorsement on the whole proposal (Stankosky 2005). These procedures require controlled and prearranged information review (Awad, 2007). Fifth, technologies that facilitate transmission of d ata to end-users have obtained substantial attention. While e-mail has played this role for long, novel web-based technologies, have provided an enhanced structure that offers instant information as well as the capacity to push content and applications. Capacities of agents are usually significant in settings that have intense knowledge, where personnel lacks sufficient time to supervise resources with discreet information frequently. Systems of knowledge management must offer a method for users to obtain the precise forms of knowledge assets, which they require to examine, without obliging them to know complicated methods of searching.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Fourth Knowledge Management Dimension specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Also, most institutions utilise help-desk technology to react to both external and internal needs for information (Maier 2004). Nevertheless, the knowledge accrued in these systems can contain many, full applications than responding to certain queries. So as, to obtain this potentially useful information, organisations must amalgamate their help-desk technologies with their knowledge management system. Further, use of brainstorming instruments instigates creative thinking. Such end-user applications facilitate classification and systematisation of knowledge resources. Hence these applications are valuable for knowledge construction. A Company’s knowledge management system should offer a straightforward method for users of these applications to recognize, capture and distribute the outcomes of these activities with others in the industry. Lastly, most organisations have adopted data mining tools and data warehouses because of the need to formulate decisions from complex data collections (Stankosky 2005). Companies have created data warehouses in order to exploit current relationships and establish new relationships amid distributors, consumers an d internal practices. Hence, KM systems should offer significant access to data warehouses through using typical protocols (Thierauf 1999). Besides, organisations with KM systems should offer a method to describe and offer access to general reports to enable users who are not familiar with data mining procedures find and use reports on fields of research (Rollett, 2003). This section reveals that knowledge management should start by choosing knowledge that requires management. It does not make sense amass lots of knowledge in one area, as this will only make it difficult for such knowledge to be assessed. This is so for organisations that present too much information on the intranet, thus creating data accumulation and making it hard for both employees and managers to access information swiftly. A consideration that should be made in knowledge management systems is the nature of the working group, as well as, information that should be conveyed to the working group.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Besides, organisations that use document management to manage enterprise knowledge should offer training on how such systems should be used. Also, users who are not familiar with data mining procedures experience difficulties while using reports in fields of research. Hence, systems of knowledge management must offer a method for users to obtain the precise forms of knowledge assets they require to examine without obliging them to know complicated methods of searching. Similarly, organizations with data mining procedures should offer a method to describe and offer access to general reports to enable users who are not familiar with data mining procedures find and use reports on fields of research. Use of technology and systems enhance the competence of management processes in organisations and offer new ways of improving the ability of reaction to environmental necessities (Jashapara 2004). Technology systems play various roles including making data accessible to persons, storing vas t amounts of data, offering communication modes, creating records of transactions and communications, as well as, computerising activities (Olivera 2000). Use of information systems in order to create knowledge may assume two shapes. The first shape is the ability to integrate knowledge from external sources. The second shape is the capacity to generate new knowledge from the restructuring and reexamination of existing and lately obtained information. Similarly, Information Technology (IT) aids the procedure of knowledge transmission. Technology allows people to synchronize the logistics of face to face conferences. Technology may also be used to record proficiency of members in an organization, thus, promoting knowledge sharing and ensuring access to the right personnel (Barnes 2002). Some systems like groupware offer a virtual space where members can process knowledge and information immediately, providing increased chances of interaction (Lee Choi 2003). Spaces of exchange grow to be the ideal situations to create innovative and ingenious behaviours surrounding issues and circumstances. An essential trait of these virtual communities and exchange spaces is that they depend on the democratisation of information. Therefore, they allow the manifestation of natural flows of the association s and transference, which in turn supports inventiveness and novelty (Narayanan 2001). Further, technology facilitates the process of knowledge organisation and preservation. Technology supports the standardisation and computerisation of some tasks, aiding conversion of implicit information into explicit data (Anand et al.1998). Equally, technology offers the required systems to organise and keep the knowledge. Nevertheless, knowledge stores should be available to organisation members and should be in a shape that will allow every member to make identical interpretations, thus, becoming a component of the knowledge base for the entire organisation. Technology, together with its practices and platform principles, offers an ideal system for connecting dispersed persons through a common system and allowing members in an organisation to have easy access to information that is vestiges in memory bins. This allows new knowledge to be construed and combined with existing information (Tippins Sohi 2003). First, a knowledge management program should be open and distributed. By description, a knowledge management system connects available knowledge silos. Preset procedures and application programming interfaces allow incorporation amid applications like e-mail, groupware and document management services (Tsui 2005). While applying unifying structure, organisations should make sure that the information construction is supple enough to cater for the growing needs of entity organizations. Besides, knowledge management systems must enable system management from every location through using ActiveX, HTML and Javascript that can be accessed through every attuned web browser (Barnes 2002). Second, a knowledge management program should be customisable. Organizations should have a customizable knowledge management system. This system must provide user interfaces through templates for customization by users (Tsui 2005). A well-built knowledge management system must facilitate easy amalgamation of new and available applications. It should have documented APIs that enable the organisation to connect systems. For example, when the system manager connects a screening system to a technical documentation store, he can push the right technical documentation straight to a repair expert in case the screening system discovers that a system is faulty. Third, a knowledge management program, should be measurable. Measurement is a vital feature of any knowledge management endeavor to hit the correct balance between technological and organisational transformations. Organisations can establish whether the systems are producing the preferred outcome, by computing a nd processing the outcomes. Every knowledge management system must have instruments that enable managers to quantify and confirm usage to obtain an image of how the system gets utilised, establish performance obstructions and, most significantly, utilise the information to develop the process of organisational knowledge transmission. Lastly, a knowledge management program should be secure. Whereas conventional applications require the manager to offer access to those who require specific information, applications of knowledge management center on exploiting access to information. Hence, knowledge management applications are apt to necessitate the manager to bar access to certain content parts to staff members or administrators who should not have access. A knowledge management program must protect repositories and safeguard security models that are evident in current knowledge silos, while enabling access to those who require them in the organisation. Generating and controlling the enterprise security construction is a difficult issue. Nevertheless, new principles like Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) seek to fuse distinct systems and abridge their administration (Barnes 2002). LDAP enables the knowledge management system to obtain user rights, without obliging anyone to reconstruct and uphold user directories in the knowledge management system, and all the accessible knowledge bases (Barnes 2002). The Role of Systems and Technology in Knowledge Management There exist different opinions when it comes to the role of systems and technology in knowledge management. Those who denounce the role of technology and systems in knowledge management see this perspective as a disruption from customs, administration and change management (Ruggles 1997). These scholars argue that individual socialisation and organisational conduct stipulate the quantity of knowledge which transfers among individuals and thus, do not see technology as a solution to knowledge mana gement (Stankosky 2005). On the same note, some scholars argue that real knowledge becomes generated and used in the course of externalisation, internalisation and amalgamation, which are outside the sphere of knowledge management technologies (Nonaka Takeuchi 1995). Similarly, Ruggles (1997) bases his argument upon an examination of many corporations and stresses that what counts is the activities that people perform with computers and not the computers themselves. He also stresses the role of users’ inspiration and dedication in IT performance. On the other hand, there are information technology proponents who view technology as the answer to the knowledge management problem. These proponents argue that technology offers the required systems to organise and keep the knowledge. For instance, Olivera (2000) asserts that technology systems play various roles in making data accessible to persons, storing vast amounts of data, offering communication modes, creating records of t ransactions and communications, as well as, computerising activities. Similarly, Stankosky (2005) claims that technology allows people to synchronise the logistics of face to face conferences, and it may also be used to record proficiency of members in an organisation, thus, promoting knowledge sharing and ensuring access to the right personnel. Besides, technology together with its practices and platform principles offers an ideal system for connecting broadly, dispersing persons through a common system and allowing members in an organisation to have easy access to information that is vestiges in memory bins (Tippins Sohi 2003). Regardless of all these arguments, I believe that an efficient knowledge management program necessitates an adjustment in both technology infrastructure and organisational behaviour. While technology facilitates an organisation’s knowledge management processes, it is not the answer to an organisation’s knowledge management requirements. That is to say proficient knowledge management programs necessitate both social and technical skills. Besides, the use of intranets or groupware is not sufficient to provide business performance. Such technologies have to be accepted and operated by humans, incorporated in their work contexts and efficiently employed while getting motivated by the performance results of the business. Most proponents of knowledge management systems concentrate on technology and not how people in organizations obtain distribute and generate new knowledge for the gain of the entire organisation. For instance, Ahmed and Lim (2012) reveal that human aspect of organisational knowledge construction obtains little focus in knowledge management. Proponents of knowledge management systems view technology and systems as vital in an organisation’s capacity to manage knowledge (Ahmed Lim 2012). They see use of intranet technologies as one way that has reduced obstacles to sharing knowledge. Besides, they argu e that Information technology has a vital role in facilitating knowledge transfer processes across many organisations. However, organisations should know that Knowledge management does not just involve setting up new software or modifying a diminutive feature of the business. While this study focuses on the fourth dimension of knowledge management, other dimensions of knowledge management such as learning and culture cannot be ignored, since knowledge management is an integrated topic. The fourth dimension of knowledge relates to learning since it is through learning that humans can be able to operate and share information using technology. Besides, culture relates to the fourth dimension in that it is only through human relationships that use of technology in knowledge management can be possible. Also, Individuals must be flexible and willing to accommodate change In order to embrace the use of new technology. Hence, all dimensions of knowledge management relate to the fourth dimen sion. In conclusion, knowledge management entails sharing knowledge amid people in the organisation, as well as, using technologies and systems to aid the sharing and distribution of knowledge. Failure to acknowledge this fact has caused many incidences of knowledge management systems failure. For instance, some organisations use document management to manage enterprise knowledge without learning how such systems should be used. Also, users who are not familiar with data mining procedures experience difficulties while using reports in fields of research. Hence, systems of knowledge management must offer a method for users to obtain the precise forms of knowledge assets they require to examine without obliging them to know complicated methods of searching. Also, organizations with data mining procedures should offer a method to describe and offer access to general reports to enable users who are not familiar with data mining procedures find and use reports on fields of research. This is because an effective knowledge management system must exploit both technology efficiencies and affluence of human interaction, in order to create a business application that is knowledge-intensive. In other words, knowledge management can only be effective when it involves technology and human integration. Also, technology together with its systems offers an ideal system for connecting broadly dispersed persons through a common system and allowing members in an organisation to have easy access to information. However, knowledge management systems must only contain relevant information. It makes little sense amass lots of knowledge in one area, as this will only make it difficult for such knowledge to be assessed. This is particularly so for organisations, which present lots of information on the intranet, thus creating data accumulation and making it hard for both employees and managers to access information swiftly. This paper further demonstrates that knowledge management is a multidimensional issue that has some elements of interpersonal relations and culture. Hence, while technology and systems offer an ideal system for connecting broadly, an efficient knowledge management program necessitates an adjustment in both technology infrastructure and organisational behaviour. This is because proficient knowledge management programs necessitate both social and technical skills. Lastly, use of technology and systems enhance the competence of management processes in organisations and offer new ways of enhancing the ability of reaction to environmental necessities. Technology systems play various roles including making data accessible to persons, storing vast amounts of data, offering communication modes, creating records of transactions and communications, as well as, computerising activities. References Ahmed, P. Lim, K. 2012, Learning through knowledge management, CRC Press, London. Anand, V., Manz, C., Glick, W. 1998, ‘An organizational memory approa ch to information management’, Academy of Management Journal, vol. 23 no. 4, pp 796–809. Awad, E. 2007, Knowledge management, Pearson Education, Delhi. Barnes, S. 2002, Knowledge management systems : theory and practice, Thomson Learning, South Melbourne. Davis, J., Subrahmanian, E., Westerberg, A. 2005, Knowledge management organizational and technological dimensions, Physica-Verlag Heidelberg :New York. Housel, T. 1999, Knowledge management for the telecommunications industry: strategic analysis report. The Consortium, Chicago. Jashapara, A. 2004, Knowledge management : an integrated approach, Prentice Hall, Harlow. Lee, H Choi, B 2003, ‘Knowledge management enablers, processes, and organizational performance: an integrative view and empirical examination’, Journal of Management Information Systems, vol. 20 no.1, pp 179–228. Maier, R. 2004, Knowledge management systems : information and communication technologies for knowledge management, Spring er, Berlin. Narayanan, V. 2001, Managing technology and innovation for competitive advantage, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey. Nonaka, I. Takeuchi, H. 1995, The knowledge-creating company, Oxford University Press, New York. Olivera, F. 2000, ‘Memory systems in organizations: an empirical investigation of mechanisms for knowledge collection storage and access’, Journal of Knowledge Management, vol. 37 no.6, pp. 811–832. Rollett, H. 2003, Knowledge management: processes and technologies, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston. Ruggles, R. L. 1997, Knowledge management tools, Routledge, London. Schwartz, D., Divitini, M., Brasethvik, T. 2000, Internet-based organizational memory and knowledge management, Idea Group, Hershey. Stankosky, M. 2005, Creating the discipline of knowledge management : the latest in university research, Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, Amsterdam. Thierauf, R. 1999, Knowledge management systems for business, Quorum Book, Westport. Tippins, M. Sohi, R . 2003, ‘TI competency and firm performance: Is organizational learning a missing link’? Strategic Management Journal, vol. 24 no.8, pp745–761. Tsui, E. 2005, ‘Technology in knowledge management’, Journal of Knowledge Management, vol. 9, pp1367-3270. Wiggins, B. 2000, Effective document management: unlocking corporate knowledge, Gower, England. This essay on The Fourth Knowledge Management Dimension was written and submitted by user Juliet E. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Business environment case study - Business Advice for Hugos Hats

Business environment case study - Business Advice for Hugos Hats Assumptions: Hugo's Hats produces fashion hats for both male and female customers, price per hat  £100. Trades as a Private Limited Company and started trading as an e-business in 1995.Market Structure is the degree of competition the business faces. There are four market structures as illustrated in figure 1.Figure 1Perfect competition is a theoretical model, it does not exist. It is assumed that there are many buyers and sellers, the goods being sold are homogeneous and there is perfect knowledge in the market.Monopolistic competition is when goods are slightly differentiated in some way, either by advertising or branding or by local production.Oligopoly is when a few suppliers dominate the market.Monopoly is when one supplier dominates 25% or more of output.The following are the main characteristics of Monopolistic competition in which Hugo's Hats are competing:There are quite a large number of firms, as a result, Hugo's hat has only a small share of the market and, therefore, i ts actions are unlikely to affect its rivals to any great extent.Perfectly elastic demandThere is freedom of entry of new firms into the industry. If any firm wants to set up a business of making hats, it is free to do so.Product Differentiation: Hugo's Hats are producing hats and providing customer service that is in some way different from its rivals. The demand curve is downward sloping, i.e. elastic, as customers are given more choice from different suppliers in the market.Profits are maximised: In the short run, Hugo's Hat are producing where marginal costs (change in total costs from one extra hat produced) equals marginal revenue (change in total revenue from selling one more hat).Total cost equals total of variable costs and fixed costs.Total revenue is quantity sold, Q multiplied by price, P.

British Control of the Caribbean and Its Allusion

British Control of the Caribbean and Its Allusion Essay in Caribbean LiteratureThe British have influenced the perspective of the Caribbean people inmany ways. The peoples self awareness, religion, language, and culture hascoped with the influx of British ideals and in coping, the people have changedto appease the islands highly influential British population. Three exceptshighly influenced by the British ideals are Crick Crack Monkey by Merle Hodge,My Aunt Gold Teeth by V. S. Naipaul, and If I could Write This in Fire, IWould Write This in Fire by Michelle Cliff. All three excepts show the amongthe people of the islands, whether native or foreign. In examining the threepassages, each author presents a unique perspective. Hodges story ispresented through the eyes of a black , lower class girl of Trinidad in the1950s. Naipaul uses an unidentified East Indian boy to tell his story. A youngwhite girl becomes the narrator of cliffs excerpt. By using Cliffsperspective to examine the perspective of the other two passages. A uniqueinterpretation of the British influence on the Caribbean people develops. Friction among people of different color is clearly displayed within thewritings; However, looking at the story of Crick Crack Monkey through the eyesof a young white girl, rather than a young black girl, the reader might see theinjustice and the ethnic discrimination that a black person must endure. Shewould not be accustomed to being called a little black nincompoop (Hodge 457),and she would most likely not have to suffer a physical beating with a ruler(Hodge 456). In Lady Aunt Gold Teeth, the issue of color is evident throughthe aunts religious affiliation. Changing the color of the narrator in My AuntGold Teeth might make a difference in the way the person perceives their aunt. For example, the narrator says, I was rather ashamed at the exhibition (Na463), when his aunt appears to have got the spirit (CS 462). The Indian boyis probably more ashamed of the aunts reference to Hail Mary than herphysical exhibition. From the perspective of a white Anglican child at thattime, the behavior of the aunt would be acceptable and understandable, but forthe Indian boy, brought up on Hinduism, such actions would seem foreign andconfusing. Racism is evident in the writings by Caribbean authors, and theirintent to expose the British as the perpetrators of the racism is also apparentwhen looking at it through a white girls perspective. Religious confusion is another result of the British occupation in theCaribbean. Both Hodge and Naipaul use their writing to expose the problemsCaribbean people experience with religion. The influence of the church is madeapparent in the writings by all three authors.A striking example can befound on page 455 in Hodges story Crick Crack Monkey. The narrator of thestory tells how the students made sound at the beginning and at end of eachclass period. The sound were the classic English Our Father, the childrendid not understand the words. The children just memorized the sounds and notthe actual meaning. Hodge writes the sound Mrs. Hind attempt to redeem thechildren; however, this is in the perspective of a adult looking back at herchildhood, at the time the Our Father was just sound.Another example,every Sunday afternoon Tantie dressed Toddan and me and sent us to thePentecost Sunday-school in preference to that of the Anglican church (Hodge455); however, in school under Mrs. Hinds di rection we would recite Childrenof the Empire Ye Are Brothers All (Hodge 454). Hodge wrote of both religiousexperiences to show the confusion that the children were undergoing, In theother passage by Naipaul, a similar confusion exists. Aunt Gold Teeth isconfused by the barrage of propaganda by the various religious groups, andevery day her religious schizophrenia grows (Naipaul 459). In trading thenarrators perspectives, one can assume the young white girl would reactdifferently to the situation than the Indian boy. Assuming the white girlbelieves in Christianity, she would probably be happy, rather than confused,about the aunts conversion in faith. The authors clearly show the peoplesconfusion with religion, and in the process, they show the problem lies in thepeoples lack of self-awareness. READ: Mercutio's 'Queen Mab' Speech EssayIn My Aunt Gold Teeth, Aunt Gold Teeth saw religion as a form of power(Naipaul 458). She was very powerful in her Hindu religion. Aunt Gold Teethsought other religions to gain even more power. Naipaul writes

Mediation Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mediation Assignment - Essay Example It is this relationship that guides them in any future dealings, and might also assist the summer interns get the Human Resource Department’s support whenever any issue might arise. After both parties arrive at the office, it is vital to assure them that all parties will have their turn to speak and air their views. It is paramount that some of the ground rules are made for all parties to comprehend what might be at stake (Smith & Smock, 2008). I am the voice of reason between the warring parties, thus; confidence, clarity, and conciseness are what I need to make the mediation process a success. At the end of the stabilization stage, I ask for any questions from the warring parties, and then proceed to hearing their views. The mediation room is one place where all the concerned parties become aware of each other’s existence and role in the organization. At this stage, I allocate Ms. Bennett and Mr. Stokes a few minutes to speak about their predicaments, and inquire what their thoughts are, with regards on how to move forward in company dealings. Both parties think they are entitled to what they want, but I remind them of the organization’s policies and what they dictate. Questioning both parties and restating some of their positions gives my position a better chance at trying to negotiate the terms of the agreement (Smith & Smock, 2008). The confidentiality of the meeting makes it possible for both Ms. Bennett and Mr. Stokes to confide in me, and after each parties’ contribution, I thank them both for sharing. After listening to both sides, it is my duty to bring them both to agree on a common ground, where every party might feel like they have a certain measure of control in their respective departments. This ensures that issues which are of more concern find their way to the top of the discussion table, and

Campbell's targets growing make grocery shopping Case Study

Campbell's targets growing make grocery shopping - Case Study Example The role of classical conditioning also comes into play at this stage. The advertisement acts as a conditioned stimulus (role of shopping performed by men) and the target audience is exposed to this advertisement to elicit the conditioned response (men go out to shop). Table A reveals that both men and women tend to buy less variety so as to reduce the number of items purchased. In general, both genders do not make a list of the specific brands they intend to buy. More than half; 56% men and 51% women list only the categories they have to buy. Neither men nor women choose products because they fetch discounts on loyalty cards. However 33% men and 36% women buy store brands to save money. A vast majority of shoppers; 73% men and 78 % women rely on previous usage and experience while selecting brands. Very few shoppers base their choice on product label and packaging. More women (43%) tend to shop for ‘all-purpose’ cleaning supplies than men (31%). Women also have a tendency to look at a store circular (59%) and make additional unplanned purchases (54%). On the other hand, 49% of the males go through a store circular and only 44% make unplanned purchases. List making behavior, especially making list based on ingredients needed for recipes, elicits pretty divergent behavior between the two genders. 46% of the women make such lists as against 33% males. A lot of women (52%) select brands on the basis of coupons picked up from home as compared to 40% of the males who base their purchase decision on this parameter. If a product is requested by a household member, 44% of women pick it up while only 30% of the males do so. The aforesaid discussion suggests that marketers of packaged-goods grocery items should have their products and brands listed on the circulars in the stores since 49% of the men tend to read such circulars. The advertising objective should be to make the brand synonymous with the product category since 56% of the men mention only

I am analyzing a transcript of Jamie’s Dream School Series1 and will be identifying and evaluating language features used Essay Example for Free

I am analyzing a transcript of Jamie’s Dream School Series1 and will be identifying and evaluating language features used Essay I am analyzing a transcript of Jamie’s Dream School Series1 and will be identifying and evaluating language features used Starkey is a teacher and is in a position of authority and has a preconceived notion his students are not serious as such, sees the need to drive home a few key facts which includes the reason for their being in school. He does this by laying emphasis on repetitive pronouns e.g. ‘you’, ‘you’ve’ as he draws into the conversation. Connor interrupts and thus overlaps Starkey by saying â€Å"yeah right’ in response to Starkey’s comment on some animals being faster. Starkey finds this rude and considering his position of authority and preconceived notion of the students not being particularly bright, he responds in an equally insultive manner stating Connor was fat and couldn’t really move. At the point, the conversation changes from formal to informal and he uses ‘you’re† This sparks overlapping laughter and noise from the rest of the class. Connor takes it personal and uses colloquial/slang language ‘yeah’ and ‘man’ in his response and further insults Starkey who uses courtesy items in response â€Å"Yes // now// right in an attempt to change the conversation from informal back to formal and overlaps and repeats by stuttering nervously ‘this is, this is, this is† and â€Å"persona, persona† Connor maintains an informal note as evidenced in his use of contractions and informal words e.g. â€Å"shit†, I’ll†, â€Å"mate†, and â€Å"don’t†. and use of a false start â€Å"don’t start, alright don’t start at all† because he’s clearly upset. Starkey then remarks ‘problem there are wi wi with Jamie’s food they’ll be, lots of dieting opportunities now’. It seems Starkey repeats words when upset. Again here, he’s used â€Å"wi wi† and a contraction â€Å"they’ll† indicates an informal tone. The conversation is still informal because Connor uses ’you’re† IT’S, and addresses Starkey as ’mate’ AND A HEDGE â€Å"d’ya† . He also sarcastic by using polite words â€Å"May I ask’ and immediately follows it by asking if Starkey has always been 4 feet tall. Starkey maintains a sarcastic note by replying ‘from the age of thirteen. This transcript started off on a formal note but turned out to be mainly informal. Connor’s final response :Okay† brings the conversation back to a forma note

The Etiology of Autism Essay -- Psychology Neurology Disorders autisti

The Etiology of Autism Autism is a syndrome that is characterized by the impairment of social interaction skills, verbal and nonverbal communication, and a decreased interest in participating in a variety of activities. In 1943, Kanner, the man who is attributed with the identification of this disease, hypothesized that autism might be a biological disorder as opposed to a psychological one. Numerous studies have been conducted supporting Kanner’s hypothesis. These studies have ranged from examining the effects of rubella to investigating certain purine metabolic disorders as possible etiological agents. Recently, the areas of neuroanatomy, neurochemistry, and genetics have played a crucial role in developing a clearer picture into the etiology of this disease. Upon exploring the biological aspects of autism, the fields of neuroanatomy, neurochemistry, and genetics have offered new insights concerning their association with the onset of this disease. Neuroanatomy is one of the latest fields involved in uncovering the possible causes of autism. Many past studies conducted in this area found that autistic patients had enlarged lateral ventricles, however, this abnormality didn’t reveal any damage to a specific anatomical site. The most recent studies conducted on the cerebella of autistic patients showed much more dramatic results. In one specific experiment conducted by Dr. Courchesne, the cerebellar lobules of eighteen autistic patients were compared with the lobules of twelve subjects within a normal control group. The eighteen autistic patients were chosen on the basis that their autistic state was "... not complicated by severe mental retardation, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, genetic abnormality, other neurologic dise... ... R. S. and B. H. Herman. A Novel Biochemical Model Linking Dysfunctions in Brain Melatonin, Proopiomelanocortin Peptides, and Serotonin in Autism. Biological Psychiatry, 28:773-793, 1991. Courchesne, E. et. al. Hypoplasia of Cerebellar Vermal Lobules VI and VII in Autism. New England Journal of Medicine, 318:1349-1354, May 26, 1988. Gillberg, C. et. al. Monozygotic Female Twins With Autism and the Fragile X Syndrome (AFRAX). J. Child Psychol. Psychiat., 29(4); 447-451, 1988. Herman, B. H. and Panksepp, J. Effects of Morphine and Naloxone on Social Attachment in Infant Guinea Pigs. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behaviour, 9;213-220, 1978. Lowenstein, P. R. et. al. Effects of Naloxone on the Nocturnal Rise of Rat Pineal Melatonin Content. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 98;26 Reiss, A. L. et. al. Autism and Genetic Disorders. Schizophrenic Bulletin.12(4); 724-38, 1986.

How Common Factors Found in the Synergetic Model Essay

Abstract This paper will discuss how the communication process can be affected by individual forces, societal forces, culture, context, and ethics. It will discuss the importance of understanding how communication is affected by these forces. It is important to understand the way they affect communication so that proper and effective communication can occur. How Common Factors Found in the Synergetic Model Affect the Communication Process Communication is a transactional process that involves more than one person. When an interaction between two or more people occurs, various factors come into play because of the difference in each individual person. Communication can be influenced by different factors and it is important to understand these factors and how they contribute to the effectiveness of said communication. Communication can be influenced by individual forces, societal forces, and by context. It is important to understand how communication is affected by these forces, so that we can properly and effectively communicated in the world today. Communication mainly focuses on the individual. Identity plays an important role in the communication process. A person’s identity is composed of many different individual forces or characteristics. â€Å"The factors that contribute to one’s identity can be demographic characteristics such as age, race, ethnicity, nationality, gender, sexual orientation, regional identity, and socioeconomic class. In addition, individual forces include your field of experience, such as your education and experiences.† (Alberts 2012) It is important to understand not only, your identity but also the identity of the person or people you are communicating with. Since each person is unique,  they communicate in their own distinctive ways. Everyone is aware of the change in behavior when we interact with others in different settings. Our communication with other people changes along with our behavior. Our individual experiences and backgrounds influence the ethical competence in communication. We are responsible for how ethical we are in day to day communication. Although we are individuals, our individualism is limited by the society that we live in. A society is made up of different people, which means societal forces and individual forces play a role with each other. Communication is influenced by societal forces. These forces refer to the social structures of a society based on politics, history, and economics. The individual forces that affect communication can also be influenced by societal forces. Behaviors can be perceived differently when dealing with communication between multiple persons of different societies. Nonverbal communication is greatly affected by differences in societies. Many gestures and nonverbal messages vary greatly in meaning when expressed in different societies. â€Å"Participants bring their beliefs, values, norms, and attitudes to each interaction and the cultures they belong to shape each of these factors.† (Alberts 2012) Context plays an important role in the communication process. Context refers to the setting of the interaction as well as the individual participants. Being aware of the setting and situation allows us to choose the proper way in which to communicate. â€Å"When communicating with others we need to consider the way in which we are workings, sometimes we need to adapt to the way we communicate in different situations for example the way we conduct ourselves in a meeting would me a more formal way of communication and different to the way we are when working normally.† Setting plays a strong role in the way we communicate. Typically, if someone is in a public setting, their behavior is more rational than when they are in a private setting. We engage in human communication every day and it is important to understand how different factors affect the communication process. We need to understand them so that our messages are sent and received with a clear understanding. As humans in an age of such technological advancement, we are  faced with the task of communicating with people from different backgrounds and understand this phenomenon is the only way that we can effectively communicate with people and allow for progress to occur in our daily interactions. Works Cited Books Alberts, J., Nakayama, T., & Martin, J. (2012). Introduction to Human Communication. In Human Communication in Society (3rd ed., pp. 17-25). Pearson Education. Internet Kinsey Goman, C. (2011, January 1). How Culture Controls Communication. Retrieved January 1, 2014, from http://www.forbes.com/sites/carolkinseygoman/2011/11/28/how-culture-controls-communication/ Shanahan, P., Elliott, D., & Australian Government Department of Education, E. (2009). Effective Communication with Young People. Australian Government Department Of Education, Employment And Workplace Relations. (2012, 07). Explain How Different Social, Professional and Cultural Contexts May Affect Relationships and the Way People Communicate.. StudyMode.com. Retrieved 07, 2012, from http://www.studymode.com/essays/Explain-How-Different-Social-Professional-And-1057616.html McKeon, R. (1957). Communication, Truth, and Society. Ethics, 67(2), 88-99. Retrieved January 1, 2014, from http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/2378718?uid=3739256&uid=2&uid=4&sid=21105057152463

Purani Jeans Aur Guitar Essay

â€Å"Purani Jeans aur guitar†¦Ã¢â‚¬  a jingle which most of the college going students might never forget. Somewhere in the song a stanza comes which states – â€Å"maangne paise udhaar†. This is a very common incidence happening in college life and the best part is that one gets to have as many resources as she/he requires. But the point is do we actually NEED to ask for the â€Å"Udhaar†? Lot many instances have been found wherein because of this â€Å" udhaar† lot many feuds(Big or Small) has happened between best of the friends. So do we actually want to have â€Å"udhaar† or get rid of this and still continue to enjoy the beautiful and happening ‘College Life’? (This may not seem 100% doable but â€Å"try maarne mein kya jaata hai!!†) So what is the Solution? Very simple – Put the right money in the right pocket in the right quantity in the right time, that’s it! This can be achieved by using the world famous – â€Å"Art of Investment† Investment has its own Oxford Dictionary meaning – ‘the action or process of investing money for profit’. The question is how do we practice this art of investment and make the action work for us. In simple terms – how do we invest, where do we invest and when do we invest? Let’s look out for answers to these questions: a) Where do we Invest? Answer – Avenues for investments have seen a drastic change from yester years till date. Now we have simple formula – â€Å"zarurat jaisi, salaah waisi†. You name your objective of investment and we have a solution available as per your requirements. One may go ahead and invest in a plethora of avenues as per requirement viz. i) Traditional Debt instruments – Bank FDs, Post Office Schemes etc. ii) Tradable Debt instruments – Bonds & Debentures iii) Direct Equities iv) Mutual Funds v) Gold vi) Real estate etc. As per one’s capability, knowledge, resources, risk & time may choose one or more avenues of investments among these. Mutual Funds provide a one-stop solution in all categories. b) How to Invest? Answer – Investment mechanism and procedures have also evolved with time. Now one may invest in most of the avenues in not only a physical mode – filling of application, giving cheque etc. but can also invest electronically viz. using Mobile phone, SMS, online, call centre etc. All that is required is to comply certain regulatory requirements and that’s it. You have enough invest lump sum; you do not have enough invest systematically in small chunks. c) When do we Invest? Answer – Most difficult but again very simple too. A great learner has said – â€Å"You have two options – either time the market or spend time in the market. It is always easier and better to spend time in the market rather than timing the market!!† So, it is always advisable that one invests regularly and systematically rather than trying to capture the highs and the lows. Whenever you think of investment don’t wait but invest – lot many avenues are already available for various needs and timing. Also it has proven record that invest early always yield s better results. â€Å"Papa kehte hain bada naam karega, beta hamara aisa kaam karega† Starting investments at the early ages viz. when in college when you start receiving pocket money definitely adds up a bigger amount to your future life and helps to achieve ones goals and aspirations. Your parents would also feel PROUD.

Explaining Glasnost and Perestroika

Explaining Glasnost and Perestroika When Mikhail Gorbachev came to power in the Soviet Union in March 1985, the country had already been steeped in oppression, secrecy, and suspicion for over six decades. Gorbachev wanted to change that. Within his first few years as general secretary of the Soviet Union, Gorbachev instituted the policies of glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring), which opened the door to criticism and change. These were revolutionary ideas in the stagnant Soviet Union and would ultimately destroy it. What Was Glasnost? Glasnost, which translates to openness in English, was General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachevs policy for a new, open policy in the Soviet Union where people could freely express their opinions. With glasnost, Soviet citizens no longer had to worry about neighbors, friends, and acquaintances turning them into the KGB for whispering something that could be construed as criticism of the government or its leaders. They no longer had to worry about arrest and exile for a negative thought against the State. Glasnost allowed the Soviet people to reexamine their history, voice their opinions on governmental policies, and receive news not pre-approved by the government. What Was Perestroika? Perestroika, which in English translates to restructuring, was Gorbachevs  program to restructure the Soviet economy in an attempt to revitalize it. To restructure, Gorbachev decentralized the controls over the economy, effectively lessening the governments role in the decision-making processes of individual enterprises. Perestroika also hoped to improve production levels by bettering the lives of workers, including giving them more recreation time and safer working conditions. The overall perception of work in the Soviet Union was to be changed from corruption to honesty, from slacking to hard work. Individual workers, it was hoped, would take a personal interest in their work and would be rewarded for helping to better production levels. Did These Policies Work? Gorbachevs policies of glasnost and perestroika changed the fabric of the Soviet Union. It allowed citizens to clamor for better living conditions, more freedoms, and an end to Communism.   While Gorbachev had hoped his policies would revitalize the Soviet Union, they instead destroyed it. By 1989, the Berlin Wall fell and by 1991, the Soviet Union disintegrated. What had once been a single country, became 15 separate republics.

Crisis communications plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Crisis communications plan - Essay Example Hence, appointing an experienced Public Relations Officer to take charge of CCP is vital to its success. A good crisis communication plan will contain the following key elements. First, it should have gotten the endorsement of the Director of Communications. Second, it should contain a list of clearly designated employee responsibilities. The information contained in the plan would have gone through verification and clearance checks. It will include a lits of media contact points and also contain details regarding local public health agencies. The plan will clearly identify who the spokesperson is going to be as well as identifying members of the Emergency Response Team. The efficiency and speed with which the crisis is dealt with is in itself a key element (and the first step) of a good plan. Later, the drawn up plans need to be communicated to the stakeholders through proper Public Relations procedures. This usually involves publication and coverage of the crisis in media outlets s uch as newspapers and television stations. In most instances, a crisis situation never gets covered in the media, probably because the story is not newsworthy.

Accounting (International Financial Reporting) Research Paper

Accounting (International Financial Reporting) - Research Paper Example Up to three members may be part time members. After 2 July 2009, IASB members are appointed for an initial term of five years, renewable for further three years.† (IFRSs in your pocket, 2010) Business firm can present its financial statement in the same format as their counterparts in other countries. It makes comparisons easier. This is especially useful for the investors to make investment decisions. The basic difference between GAAP and IFRS is that GAAP is a rule based accounting system and on the other sense IFRS is principle based system. In rule based accounting like GAAP, one needs to follow the rules specified for each of the business transaction while recording the transaction in accounts. Sometimes, the accountant foresees the effects of the accounting transaction on the end result and tends to interpret the rules with the objective of presenting good numbers to the public. Many scandals including Enron depict the loopholes in the present GAAP system which lacks a transparent system. In IFRS, a principle based accounting systems, which records the transaction in a transparent manner, which shows the true nature of each transaction. Also the consolidation of accounting concepts like IFRS makes the comparison of financial reports easier for the investor community. The transparency provided by IFRS help will them to make wise investment decisions. Mirza, A., Holt, G., & Orrel, M (2010). International Financial Reporting Standers (IFRS) Work Book. John wely and sons. Retrieved November 30, 2010, from